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Product Description

The human IgG2 isotype control antibody is purified from human myeloma serum and is of unknown specificity. This antibody is suitable for use as a non-targeting isotype control in various in vitro and in vivo studies. It can also be used as a negative control in various diagnostic applications such as ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. For research use only.

Specifications

Isotype Human IgG2, λ
Recommended Dilution Buffer InVivoPure pH 7.0 Dilution Buffer
Conjugation This product is unconjugated. Conjugation is available via our Antibody Conjugation Services.
Formulation PBS, pH 7.0
Contains no stabilizers or preservatives
Endotoxin* ≤0.5EU/mg (≤0.0005EU/μg)
Determined by LAL gel clotting assay
Purity ≥95%
Determined by SDS-PAGE
Sterility 0.2 µm filtration
Purification Protein A
RRID AB_2715459
Molecular Weight 150 kDa
Human Pathogen Test Results Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: Negative
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 antibodies: Negative
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 2 antibodies: Negative
Hepatitis C Virus antibodies: Negative
* These tests cannot guarantee the absence of infective agents
Storage The antibody solution should be stored at the stock concentration at 4°C. Do not freeze.
Need a Custom Formulation? See All Antibody Customization Options
* Additional quality control measures for our InVivoPlus™ products include advanced binding validation, murine pathogen screening, protein aggregation screening, and ultra-low endotoxin levels. The superior quality of our InVivoPlus™ products will meet and exceed the strict demands and rigorous standards required for in vivo research. Learn more about the InVivoPlus™ difference here.

Product Citations

  • Recurrent infections drive persistent bladder dysfunction and pain via sensory nerve sprouting and mast cell activity.

    In Sci Immunol on 1 March 2024 by Hayes, B. W., Choi, H. W., et al.

    PubMed

    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for almost 25% of infections in women. Many are recurrent (rUTI), with patients frequently experiencing chronic pelvic pain and urinary frequency despite clearance of bacteriuria after antibiotics. To elucidate the basis for these bacteria-independent bladder symptoms, we examined the bladders of patients with rUTI. We noticed a notable increase in neuropeptide content in the lamina propria and indications of enhanced nociceptive activity. In mice subjected to rUTI, we observed sensory nerve sprouting that was associated with nerve growth factor (NGF) produced by recruited monocytes and tissue-resident mast cells. Treatment of rUTI mice with an NGF-neutralizing antibody prevented sprouting and alleviated pelvic sensitivity, whereas instillation of native NGF into naïve mice bladders mimicked nerve sprouting and pain behavior. Nerve activation, pain, and urinary frequency were each linked to the presence of proximal mast cells, because mast cell deficiency or treatment with antagonists against receptors of several direct or indirect mast cell products was each effective therapeutically. Thus, our findings suggest that NGF-driven sensory sprouting in the bladder coupled with chronic mast cell activation represents an underlying mechanism driving bacteria-independent pain and voiding defects experienced by patients with rUTI.

  • Highly secreted tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase 1 as a potential theranostic target for hypercytokinemic severe sepsis.

    In EMBO Mol Med on 1 January 2024 by Kim, Y. T., Huh, J. W., et al.

    PubMed

    Despite intensive clinical and scientific efforts, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high due to the lack of precise biomarkers for patient stratification and therapeutic guidance. Secreted human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (WARS1), an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 against infection, activates the genes that signify the hyperinflammatory sepsis phenotype. High plasma WARS1 levels stratified the early death of critically ill patients with sepsis, along with elevated levels of cytokines, chemokines, and lactate, as well as increased numbers of absolute neutrophils and monocytes, and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. These symptoms were recapitulated in severely ill septic mice with hypercytokinemia. Further, injection of WARS1 into mildly septic mice worsened morbidity and mortality. We created an anti-human WARS1-neutralizing antibody that suppresses proinflammatory cytokine expression in marmosets with endotoxemia. Administration of this antibody into severe septic mice attenuated cytokine storm, organ failure, and early mortality. With antibiotics, the antibody almost completely prevented fatalities. These data imply that blood-circulating WARS1-guided anti-WARS1 therapy may provide a novel theranostic strategy for life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory sepsis.

  • PCSK9 acts as a key regulator of Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier.

    In Cell Mol Life Sci on 27 March 2022 by Mazura, A. D., Ohler, A., et al.

    PubMed

    Despite the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in late adult life, there is currently no therapy available to prevent the onset or slow down the progression of AD. The progressive cognitive decline in AD correlates with a successive accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) due to impaired clearance mechanisms. A significant percentage is removed by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the periphery. Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor protein family at the cell surface and targets them for lysosomal degradation, which reduces the number of functional receptors. However, the adverse impact of PCSK9 on LRP1-mediated brain Aβ clearance remains elusive. By using an established BBB model, we identified reduced LRP1-mediated brain-to-blood Aβ clearance due to PCSK9 across different endothelial monolayer in vitro. Consequently, the repetitive application of FDA-approved monoclonal anti-PCSK9 antibodies into 5xFAD mice decreased the cerebral Aβ burden across variants and aggregation state, which was not reproducible in brain endothelial-specific LRP1-/- 5xFAD mice. The peripheral PCSK9 inhibition reduced Aβ pathology in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus-brain areas critically involved in memory processing-and prevented disease-related impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Our data suggest that peripheral inhibition of PCSK9 by already available therapeutic antibodies may be a novel and easily applicable potential AD treatment.

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