InVivoMAb anti-mouse Ly6G
Product Details
The 1A8 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse Ly6G. Ly6G is a 21-25 kDa member of the Ly-6 superfamily of GPI-anchored cell surface proteins with roles in cell signaling and cell adhesion. Ly6G is expressed differentially during development by cells in the myeloid lineage including monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and neutrophils. Monocytes typically express Ly6G transiently during development while mature granulocytes and peripheral neutrophils retain expression making Ly6G a good cell surface marker for these populations. Unlike the RB6-8C5 antibody, the 1A8 antibody reacts specifically with mouse Ly6G with no reported cross reactivity with Ly6C.Specifications
| Isotype | Rat IgG2a,Ā Īŗ |
|---|---|
| Recommended Isotype Control(s) | InVivoMAb rat IgG2a isotype control, anti-trinitrophenol |
| Recommended Dilution Buffer | InVivoPure pH 7.0 Dilution Buffer |
| Conjugation | This product is unconjugated. Conjugation is available via our Antibody Conjugation Services. |
| Immunogen | EL4J cells transfected with Ly6G |
| Reported Applications |
in vivo neutrophil depletion in vivo MDSC depletion Immunofluorescence Immunohistochemistry (paraffin) Immunohistochemistry (frozen) Flow cytometry |
| Formulation |
PBS, pH 7.0 Contains no stabilizers or preservatives |
| Endotoxin |
<2EU/mg (<0.002EU/Ī¼g) Determined by LAL gel clotting assay |
| Purity |
>95% Determined by SDS-PAGE |
| Sterility | 0.2 Āµm filtration |
| Purification | Protein G |
| RRID | AB_1107721 |
| Molecular Weight | 150 kDa |
| Storage | The antibody solution should be stored at the stock concentration at 4Ā°C. Do not freeze. |
Additional Formats
Recommended Products
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Recommended Isotype Control(s)
InVivoMAb rat IgG2a isotype control, anti-trinitrophenol
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Recommended Dilution Buffer
InVivoPure pH 7.0 Dilution Buffer
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Davis, R. W. t., et al. (2018). "Luminol Chemiluminescence Reports Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Neutrophil Activity In Vivo and Serves as a Biomarker of Therapeutic Efficacy" Photochem Photobiol . PubMed
Inflammatory cells, most especially neutrophils, can be a necessary component of the antitumor activity occurring after administration of photodynamic therapy. Generation of neutrophil responses has been suggested to be particularly important in instances when the delivered photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose is insufficient. In these cases, the release of neutrophil granules and engagement of antitumor immunity may play an important role in eliminating residual disease. Herein, we utilize in vivo imaging of luminol chemiluminescence to noninvasively monitor neutrophil activation after PDT administration. Studies were performed in the AB12 murine model of mesothelioma, treated with Photofrin-PDT. Luminol-generated chemiluminescence increased transiently 1 h after PDT, followed by a subsequent decrease at 4 h after PDT. The production of luminol signal was not associated with the influx of Ly6G(+) cells, but was related to oxidative burst, as an indicator of neutrophil function. Most importantly, greater levels of luminol chemiluminescence 1 h after PDT were prognostic of a complete response at 90 days after PDT. Taken together, this research supports an important role for early activity by Ly6G(+) cells in the generation of long-term PDT responses in mesothelioma, and it points to luminol chemiluminescence as a potentially useful approach for preclinical monitoring of neutrophil activation by PDT.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Moynihan, K. D., et al. (2016). "Eradication of large established tumors in mice by combination immunotherapy that engages innate and adaptive immune responses" Nat Med. doi : 10.1038/nm.4200. PubMed
Checkpoint blockade with antibodies specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1; also known as PD-1) elicits durable tumor regression in metastatic cancer, but these dramatic responses are confined to a minority of patients. This suboptimal outcome is probably due in part to the complex network of immunosuppressive pathways present in advanced tumors, which are unlikely to be overcome by intervention at a single signaling checkpoint. Here we describe a combination immunotherapy that recruits a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells to eliminate large tumor burdens in syngeneic tumor models and a genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma; to our knowledge tumors of this size have not previously been curable by treatments relying on endogenous immunity. Maximal antitumor efficacy required four components: a tumor-antigen-targeting antibody, a recombinant interleukin-2 with an extended half-life, anti-PD-1 and a powerful T cell vaccine. Depletion experiments revealed that CD8+ T cells, cross-presenting dendritic cells and several other innate immune cell subsets were required for tumor regression. Effective treatment induced infiltration of immune cells and production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor, enhanced antibody-mediated tumor antigen uptake and promoted antigen spreading. These results demonstrate the capacity of an elicited endogenous immune response to destroy large, established tumors and elucidate essential characteristics of combination immunotherapies that are capable of curing a majority of tumors in experimental settings typically viewed as intractable.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Conde, P., et al. (2015). "DC-SIGN(+) Macrophages Control the Induction of Transplantation Tolerance" Immunity 42(6): 1143-1158. PubMed
Tissue effector cells of the monocyte lineage can differentiate into different cell types with specific cell function depending on their environment. The phenotype, developmental requirements, and functional mechanisms of immune protective macrophages that mediate the induction of transplantation tolerance remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that costimulatory blockade favored accumulation of DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages that inhibited CD8(+) T cell immunity and promoted CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cell expansion in numbers. Mechanistically, that simultaneous DC-SIGN engagement by fucosylated ligands and TLR4 signaling was required for production of immunoregulatory IL-10 associated with prolonged allograft survival. Deletion of DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages in vivo, interfering with their CSF1-dependent development, or preventing the DC-SIGN signaling pathway abrogated tolerance. Together, the results provide new insights into the tolerogenic effects of costimulatory blockade and identify DC-SIGN(+) suppressive macrophages as crucial mediators of immunological tolerance with the concomitant therapeutic implications in the clinic.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Griseri, T., et al. (2015). "Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Activated Eosinophils Promote Interleukin-23 Driven Chronic Colitis" Immunity 43(1): 187-199. PubMed
The role of intestinal eosinophils in immune homeostasis is enigmatic and the molecular signals that drive them from protective to tissue damaging are unknown. Most commonly associated with Th2 cell-mediated diseases, we describe a role for eosinophils as crucial effectors of the interleukin-23 (IL-23)-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) axis in colitis. Chronic intestinal inflammation was characterized by increased bone marrow eosinopoiesis and accumulation of activated intestinal eosinophils. IL-5 blockade or eosinophil depletion ameliorated colitis, implicating eosinophils in disease pathogenesis. GM-CSF was a potent activator of eosinophil effector functions and intestinal accumulation, and GM-CSF blockade inhibited chronic colitis. By contrast neutrophil accumulation was GM-CSF independent and dispensable for colitis. In addition to TNF secretion, release of eosinophil peroxidase promoted colitis identifying direct tissue-toxic mechanisms. Thus, eosinophils are key perpetrators of chronic inflammation and tissue damage in IL-23-mediated immune diseases and it suggests the GM-CSF-eosinophil axis as an attractive therapeutic target.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry (paraffin)
Coffelt, S. B., et al. (2015). "IL-17-producing gammadelta T cells and neutrophils conspire to promote breast cancer metastasis" Nature 522(7556): 345-348. PubMed
Metastatic disease remains the primary cause of death for patients with breast cancer. The different steps of the metastatic cascade rely on reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Within this local microenvironment and in distant organs, immune cells and their mediators are known to facilitate metastasis formation. However, the precise contribution of tumour-induced systemic inflammation to metastasis and the mechanisms regulating systemic inflammation are poorly understood. Here we show that tumours maximize their chance of metastasizing by evoking a systemic inflammatory cascade in mouse models of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis. We mechanistically demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-1beta elicits IL-17 expression from gamma delta (gammadelta) T cells, resulting in systemic, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-dependent expansion and polarization of neutrophils in mice bearing mammary tumours. Tumour-induced neutrophils acquire the ability to suppress cytotoxic T lymphocytes carrying the CD8 antigen, which limit the establishment of metastases. Neutralization of IL-17 or G-CSF and absence of gammadelta T cells prevents neutrophil accumulation and downregulates the T-cell-suppressive phenotype of neutrophils. Moreover, the absence of gammadelta T cells or neutrophils profoundly reduces pulmonary and lymph node metastases without influencing primary tumour progression. Our data indicate that targeting this novel cancer-cell-initiated domino effect within the immune systemāthe gammadelta T cell/IL-17/neutrophil axisārepresents a new strategy to inhibit metastatic disease.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry (paraffin), Immunohistochemistry (frozen)
Finisguerra, V., et al. (2015). "MET is required for the recruitment of anti-tumoural neutrophils" Nature 522(7556): 349-353. PubMed
Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells, although its precise role in this compartment is not well characterized. Here we show that MET is required for neutrophil chemoattraction and cytotoxicity in response to its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Met deletion in mouse neutrophils enhances tumour growth and metastasis. This phenotype correlates with reduced neutrophil infiltration to both the primary tumour and metastatic sites. Similarly, Met is necessary for neutrophil transudation during colitis, skin rash or peritonitis. Mechanistically, Met is induced by tumour-derived tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or other inflammatory stimuli in both mouse and human neutrophils. This induction is instrumental for neutrophil transmigration across an activated endothelium and for inducible nitric oxide synthase production upon HGF stimulation. Consequently, HGF/MET-dependent nitric oxide release by neutrophils promotes cancer cell killing, which abates tumour growth and metastasis. After systemic administration of a MET kinase inhibitor, we prove that the therapeutic benefit of MET targeting in cancer cells is partly countered by the pro-tumoural effect arising from MET blockade in neutrophils. Our work identifies an unprecedented role of MET in neutrophils, suggests a potential āAchillesā heelā of MET-targeted therapies in cancer, and supports the rationale for evaluating anti-MET drugs in certain inflammatory diseases.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Yamada, D. H., et al. (2015). "Suppression of Fcgamma-receptor-mediated antibody effector function during persistent viral infection" Immunity 42(2): 379-390. PubMed
Understanding how viruses subvert host immunity and persist is essential for developing strategies to eliminate infection. T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection is well described, but effects on antibody-mediated effector activity are unclear. Herein, we show that increased amounts of immune complexes generated in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) suppressed multiple Fcgamma-receptor (FcgammaR) functions. The high amounts of immune complexes suppressed antibody-mediated cell depletion, therapeutic antibody-killing of LCMV infected cells and human CD20-expressing tumors, as well as reduced immune complex-mediated cross-presentation to T cells. Suppression of FcgammaR activity was not due to inhibitory FcgammaRs or high concentrations of free antibody, and proper FcgammaR functions were restored when persistently infected mice specifically lacked immune complexes. Thus, we identify a mechanism of immunosuppression during viral persistence with implications for understanding effective antibody activity aimed at pathogen control.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Ellis, G. T., et al. (2015). "TRAIL+ monocytes and monocyte-related cells cause lung damage and thereby increase susceptibility to influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection" EMBO Rep 16(9): 1203-1218. PubMed
Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection is a major cause of influenza-associated mortality; however, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis or protection remain unclear. Using a clinically relevant mouse model, we identify immune-mediated damage early during coinfection as a new mechanism causing susceptibility. Coinfected CCR2(-/-) mice lacking monocytes and monocyte-derived cells control bacterial invasion better, show reduced epithelial damage and are overall more resistant than wild-type controls. In influenza-infected wild-type lungs, monocytes and monocyte-derived cells are the major cell populations expressing the apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL. Accordingly, anti-TRAIL treatment reduces bacterial load and protects against coinfection if administered during viral infection, but not following bacterial exposure. Post-influenza bacterial outgrowth induces a strong proinflammatory cytokine response and massive inflammatory cell infiltrate. Depletion of neutrophils or blockade of TNF-alpha facilitate bacterial outgrowth, leading to increased mortality, demonstrating that these factors aid bacterial control. We conclude that inflammatory monocytes recruited early, during the viral phase of coinfection, induce TRAIL-mediated lung damage, which facilitates bacterial invasion, while TNF-alpha and neutrophil responses help control subsequent bacterial outgrowth. We thus identify novel determinants of protection versus pathology in influenza-Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry
Moser, E. K., et al. (2014). "Late engagement of CD86 after influenza virus clearance promotes recovery in a FoxP3+ regulatory T cell dependent manner" PLoS Pathog 10(8): e1004315. PubMed
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in the respiratory tract triggers robust innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting in both virus clearance and lung inflammation and injury. After virus clearance, resolution of ongoing inflammation and tissue repair occur during a distinct recovery period. B7 family co-stimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 have important roles in modulating T cell activity during the initiation and effector stages of the host response to IAV infection, but their potential role during recovery and resolution of inflammation is unknown. We found that antibody-mediated CD86 blockade in vivo after virus clearance led to a delay in recovery, characterized by increased numbers of lung neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in airways and lung interstitium, but no change in conventional IAV-specific T cell responses. However, CD86 blockade led to decreased numbers of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and adoptive transfer of Tregs into alphaCD86 treated mice rescued the effect of the blockade, supporting a role for Tregs in promoting recovery after virus clearance. Specific depletion of Tregs late after infection mimicked the CD86 blockade phenotype, confirming a role for Tregs during recovery after virus clearance. Furthermore, we identified neutrophils as a target of Treg suppression since neutrophil depletion in Treg-depleted mice reduced excess inflammatory cytokines in the airways. These results demonstrate that Tregs, in a CD86 dependent mechanism, contribute to the resolution of disease after IAV infection, in part by suppressing neutrophil-driven cytokine release into the airways.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry
Chen, K. W., et al. (2014). "The neutrophil NLRC4 inflammasome selectively promotes IL-1beta maturation without pyroptosis during acute Salmonella challenge" Cell Rep 8(2): 570-582. PubMed
The macrophage NLRC4 inflammasome drives potent innate immune responses against Salmonella by eliciting caspase-1-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta]) and pyroptotic cell death. However, the potential contribution of other cell types to inflammasome-mediated host defense against Salmonella was unclear. Here, we demonstrate that neutrophils, typically viewed as cellular targets of IL-1beta, themselves activate the NLRC4 inflammasome during acute Salmonella infection and are a major cell compartment for IL-1beta production during acute peritoneal challenge in vivo. Importantly, unlike macrophages, neutrophils do not undergo pyroptosis upon NLRC4 inflammasome activation. The resistance of neutrophils to pyroptotic death is unique among inflammasome-signaling cells so far described and allows neutrophils to sustain IL-1beta production at a site of infection without compromising the crucial inflammasome-independent antimicrobial effector functions that would be lost if neutrophils rapidly lysed upon caspase-1 activation. Inflammasome pathway modification in neutrophils thus maximizes host proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses during pathogen challenge.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Deshmukh, H. S., et al. (2014). "The microbiota regulates neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to Escherichia coli K1 sepsis in neonatal mice" Nat Med 20(5): 524-530. PubMed
Neonatal colonization by microbes, which begins immediately after birth, is influenced by gestational age and the motherās microbiota and is modified by exposure to antibiotics. In neonates, prolonged duration of antibiotic therapy is associated with increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS), a disorder controlled by neutrophils. A role for the microbiota in regulating neutrophil development and susceptibility to sepsis in the neonate remains unclear. We exposed pregnant mouse dams to antibiotics in drinking water to limit transfer of maternal microbes to the neonates. Antibiotic exposure of dams decreased the total number and composition of microbes in the intestine of the neonates. This was associated with decreased numbers of circulating and bone marrow neutrophils and granulocyte/macrophage-restricted progenitor cells in the bone marrow of antibiotic-treated and germ-free neonates. Antibiotic exposure of dams reduced the number of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells in the intestine and production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Granulocytopenia was associated with impaired host defense and increased susceptibility to Escherichia coli K1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in antibiotic-treated neonates, which could be partially reversed by administration of G-CSF. Transfer of a normal microbiota into antibiotic-treated neonates induced IL-17 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the intestine, increasing plasma G-CSF levels and neutrophil numbers in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent manner and restored IL-17-dependent resistance to sepsis. Specific depletion of ILCs prevented IL-17- and G-CSF-dependent granulocytosis and resistance to sepsis. These data support a role for the intestinal microbiota in regulation of granulocytosis, neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to sepsis in neonates.
in vivo MDSC depletion
Deng, L., et al. (2014). "Irradiation and anti-PD-L1 treatment synergistically promote antitumor immunity in mice" J Clin Invest 124(2): 687-695. PubMed
High-dose ionizing irradiation (IR) results in direct tumor cell death and augments tumor-specific immunity, which enhances tumor control both locally and distantly. Unfortunately, local relapses often occur following IR treatment, indicating that IR-induced responses are inadequate to maintain antitumor immunity. Therapeutic blockade of the T cell negative regulator programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, also called B7-H1) can enhance T cell effector function when PD-L1 is expressed in chronically inflamed tissues and tumors. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L1 was upregulated in the tumor microenvironment after IR. Administration of anti-PD-L1 enhanced the efficacy of IR through a cytotoxic T cell-dependent mechanism. Concomitant with IR-mediated tumor regression, we observed that IR and anti-PD-L1 synergistically reduced the local accumulation of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which suppress T cells and alter the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, activation of cytotoxic T cells with combination therapy mediated the reduction of MDSCs in tumors through the cytotoxic actions of TNF. Our data provide evidence for a close interaction between IR, T cells, and the PD-L1/PD-1 axis and establish a basis for the rational design of combination therapy with immune modulators and radiotherapy.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry (frozen)
Huang, L. R., et al. (2013). "Intrahepatic myeloid-cell aggregates enable local proliferation of CD8(+) T cells and successful immunotherapy against chronic viral liver infection" Nat Immunol 14(6): 574-583. PubMed
Chronic infection is difficult to overcome because of exhaustion or depletion of cytotoxic effector CD8(+) T cells (cytotoxic T lymphoytes (CTLs)). Here we report that signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induced intrahepatic aggregates of myeloid cells that enabled the population expansion of CTLs (iMATEs: āintrahepatic myeloid-cell aggregates for T cell population expansionā) without causing immunopathology. In the liver, CTL proliferation was restricted to iMATEs that were composed of inflammatory monocyte-derived CD11b(+) cells. Signaling via tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) caused iMATE formation that facilitated costimulation dependent on the receptor OX40 for expansion of the CTL population. The iMATEs arose during acute viral infection but were absent during chronic viral infection, yet they were still induced by TLR signaling. Such hepatic expansion of the CTL population controlled chronic viral infection of the liver after vaccination with DNA. Thus, iMATEs are dynamic structures that overcome regulatory cues that limit the population expansion of CTLs during chronic infection and can be used in new therapeutic vaccination strategies.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Richter, K., et al. (2013). "Macrophage and T cell produced IL-10 promotes viral chronicity" PLoS Pathog 9(11): e1003735. PubMed
Chronic viral infections lead to CD8(+) T cell exhaustion, characterized by impaired cytokine secretion. Presence of the immune-regulatory cytokine IL-10 promotes chronicity of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) Clone 13 infection, while absence of IL-10/IL-10R signaling early during infection results in viral clearance and higher percentages and numbers of antiviral, cytokine producing T cells. IL-10 is produced by several cell types during LCMV infection but it is currently unclear which cellular sources are responsible for induction of viral chronicity. Here, we demonstrate that although dendritic cells produce IL-10 and overall IL-10 mRNA levels decrease significantly in absence of CD11c(+) cells, absence of IL-10 produced by CD11c(+) cells failed to improve the LCMV-specific T cell response and control of LCMV infection. Similarly, NK cell specific IL-10 deficiency had no positive impact on the LCMV-specific T cell response or viral control, even though high percentages of NK cells produced IL-10 at early time points after infection. Interestingly, we found markedly improved T cell responses and clearance of normally chronic LCMV Clone 13 infection when either myeloid cells or T cells lacked IL-10 production and mice depleted of monocytes/macrophages or CD4(+) T cells exhibited reduced overall levels of IL-10 mRNA. These data suggest that the decision whether LCMV infection becomes chronic or can be cleared critically depends on early CD4(+) T cell and monocyte/macrophage produced IL-10.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry
Garraud, K., et al. (2012). "Differential role of the interleukin-17 axis and neutrophils in resolution of inhalational anthrax" Infect Immun 80(1): 131-142. PubMed
The roles of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and neutrophils in the lung have been described as those of two intricate but independent players. Here we identify neutrophils as the primary IL-17-secreting subset of cells in a model of inhalation anthrax using A/J and C57BL/6 mice. With IL-17 receptor A knockout (IL-17RA-/-) mice, we confirmed that IL-17A/F signaling is instrumental in the self-recruitment of this population. We also show that the IL-17A/F axis is critical for surviving pulmonary infection, as IL-17RA-/- mice become susceptible to intranasal infection by Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores. Strikingly, infection with a fully virulent strain did not affect IL-17RA-/- mouse survival. Eventually, by depleting neutrophils in wild-type and IL-17RA-/- mice, we demonstrated the crucial role of IL-17-secreting neutrophils in mouse survival of infection by fully virulent B. anthracis. This work demonstrates the important roles of both IL-17 signaling and neutrophils in clearing this pathogen and surviving pulmonary B. anthracis infection.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry
Lee, W. B., et al. (2012). "Neutrophils Promote Mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate-Induced Lung Inflammation via the Mincle Pathway" PLoS Pathog 8(4): e1002614. PubMed
Trehalose 6,6ā²-dimycolate (TDM), a cord factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an important regulator of immune responses during Mtb infections. Macrophages recognize TDM through the Mincle receptor and initiate TDM-induced inflammatory responses, leading to lung granuloma formation. Although various immune cells are recruited to lung granulomas, the roles of other immune cells, especially during the initial process of TDM-induced inflammation, are not clear. In this study, Mincle signaling on neutrophils played an important role in TDM-induced lung inflammation by promoting adhesion and innate immune responses. Neutrophils were recruited during the early stage of lung inflammation following TDM-induced granuloma formation. Mincle expression on neutrophils was required for infiltration of TDM-challenged sites in a granuloma model induced by TDM-coated-beads. TDM-induced Mincle signaling on neutrophils increased cell adherence by enhancing F-actin polymerization and CD11b/CD18 surface expression. The TDM-induced effects were dependent on Src, Syk, and MAPK/ERK kinases (MEK). Moreover, coactivation of the Mincle and TLR2 pathways by TDM and Pam3CSK4 treatment synergistically induced CD11b/CD18 surface expression, reactive oxygen species, and TNFalpha production by neutrophils. These synergistically-enhanced immune responses correlated with the degree of Mincle expression on neutrophil surfaces. The physiological relevance of the Mincle-mediated anti-TDM immune response was confirmed by defective immune responses in Mincle(-)/(-) mice upon aerosol infections with Mtb. Mincle-mutant mice had higher inflammation levels and mycobacterial loads than WT mice. Neutrophil depletion with anti-Ly6G antibody caused a reduction in IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression upon TDM treatment, and reduced levels of immune cell recruitment during the initial stage of infection. These findings suggest a new role of Mincle signaling on neutrophils during anti-mycobacterial responses.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Immunofluorescence
Edelson, B. T., et al. (2011). "CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells are an obligate cellular entry point for productive infection by Listeria monocytogenes" Immunity 35(2): 236-248. PubMed
CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells (DCs) prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes during viral infections and produce interleukin-12 in response to pathogens. Although the loss of CD8alpha(+) DCs in Batf3(-/-) mice increases their susceptibility to several pathogens, we observed that Batf3(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced resistance to the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In wild-type mice, Listeria organisms, initially located in the splenic marginal zone, migrated to the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) where they grew exponentially and induced widespread lymphocyte apoptosis. In Batf3(-/-) mice, however, Listeria organisms remain trapped in the marginal zone, failed to traffic into the PALS, and were rapidly cleared by phagocytes. In addition, Batf3(-/-) mice, which lacked the normal population of hepatic CD103(+) peripheral DCs, also showed protection from liver infection. These results suggest that Batf3-dependent CD8alpha(+) and CD103(+) DCs provide initial cellular entry points within the reticuloendothelial system by which Listeria establishes productive infection.
in vivo neutrophil depletion
Carr, K. D., et al. (2011). "Specific depletion reveals a novel role for neutrophil-mediated protection in the liver during Listeria monocytogenes infection" Eur J Immunol 41(9): 2666-2676. PubMed
Previous studies have suggested that neutrophils are required for resistance during infection with multiple pathogenic microorganisms. However, the depleting antibody used in those studies binds to both Ly6G and Ly6C (anti-Gr-1; clone RB6-8C5). This antibody has been shown to deplete not only neutrophils but also monocytes and a subset of CD8(+) T cells. Recently, an antibody against Ly6G, which specifically depletes neutrophils, was characterized. In the present study, neutrophils are depleted using the antibody against Ly6G during infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Our data show that neutrophil-depleted mice are much less susceptible to infection than mice depleted with anti-Gr-1. Although neutrophils are required for clearance of LM, their importance is more pronounced in the liver and during a high-dose bacterial challenge. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the protection mediated by neutrophils is due to the production of TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma. Additionally, neutrophils are not required for the recruitment of monocytes or the generation of adaptive T-cell responses during LM infection. This study highlights the importance of neutrophils during LM infection, and indicate that depletion of neutrophils is less detrimental to the host than depletion of all Gr-1-expressing cell populations.
in vivo neutrophil depletion, Flow Cytometry
Bamboat, Z. M., et al. (2010). "Conventional DCs reduce liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via IL-10 secretion" J Clin Invest 120(2): 559-569. PubMed
TLRs are recognized as promoters of tissue damage, even in the absence of pathogens. TLR binding to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by injured host cells unleashes an inflammatory cascade that amplifies tissue destruction. However, whether TLRs possess the reciprocal ability to curtail the extent of sterile inflammation is uncertain. Here, we investigated this possibility in mice by studying the role of conventional DCs (cDCs) in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a model of sterile inflammation. Targeted depletion of mouse cDCs increased liver injury after I/R, as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase and histologic analysis. In vitro, we identified hepatocyte DNA as an endogenous ligand to TLR9 that promoted cDCs to secrete IL-10. In vivo, cDC production of IL-10 required TLR9 and reduced liver injury. In addition, we found that inflammatory monocytes recruited to the liver via chemokine receptor 2 were downstream targets of cDC IL-10. IL-10 from cDCs reduced production of TNF, IL-6, and ROS by inflammatory monocytes. Our results implicate inflammatory monocytes as mediators of liver I/R injury and reveal that cDCs respond to DAMPS during sterile inflammation, providing the host with protection from progressive tissue damage.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Immunology and Microbiology
Neutrophil-derived Activin-A moderates their pro-NETotic activity and attenuates collateral tissue damage caused by Influenza A virus infection.
In Frontiers in Immunology on 13 March 2024 by Divolis, G., Synolaki, E., et al.
PubMed
Pre-neutrophils, while developing in the bone marrow, transcribe the Inhba gene and synthesize Activin-A protein, which they store and release at the earliest stage of their activation in the periphery. However, the role of neutrophil-derived Activin-A is not completely understood. To address this issue, we developed a neutrophil-specific Activin-A-deficient animal model (S100a8-Cre/Inhba fl/fl mice) and analyzed the immune response to Influenza A virus (IAV) infection. More specifically, evaluation of body weight and lung mechanics, molecular and cellular analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, flow cytometry and cell sorting of lung cells, as well as histopathological analysis of lung tissues, were performed in PBS-treated and IAV-infected transgenic animals. We found that neutrophil-specific Activin-A deficiency led to exacerbated pulmonary inflammation and widespread hemorrhagic histopathology in the lungs of IAV-infected animals that was associated with an exuberant production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Moreover, deletion of the Activin-A receptor ALK4/ACVR1B in neutrophils exacerbated IAV-induced pathology as well, suggesting that neutrophils themselves are potential targets of Activin-A-mediated signaling. The pro-NETotic tendency of Activin-A-deficient neutrophils was further verified in the context of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, a model characterized by robust peritoneal neutrophilia. Of importance, transcriptome analysis of Activin-A-deficient neutrophils revealed alterations consistent with a predisposition for NET release. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Activin-A, secreted by neutrophils upon their activation in the periphery, acts as a feedback mechanism to moderate their pro-NETotic tendency and limit the collateral tissue damage caused by neutrophil excess activation during the inflammatory response. Copyright Ā© 2024 Divolis, Synolaki, Doulou, Gavriil, Giannouli, Apostolidou, Foster, Matzuk, Skendros, Galani and Sideras.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Immunology and Microbiology,
- Pathology
CD8+ T Cells Mediate Lethal Lung Pathology in the Absence of PD-L1 and Type I Interferon Signalling following LCMV Infection.
In Viruses on 1 March 2024 by Spiteri, A. G., Suprunenko, T., et al.
PubMed
CD8+ T cells are critical to the adaptive immune response against viral pathogens. However, overwhelming antigen exposure can result in their exhaustion, characterised by reduced effector function, failure to clear virus, and the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). However, exhausted T cell responses can be "re-invigorated" by inhibiting PD-1 or the primary ligand of PD-1: PD-L1. Further, the absence of the type I interferon receptor IFNAR1 also results in T cell exhaustion and virus persistence in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong (LCMV-Arm)-infected mice. In this study, utilizing single- and double-knockout mice, we aimed to determine whether ablation of PD-1 could restore T cell functionality in the absence of IFNAR1 signalling in LCMV-Arm-infected mice. Surprisingly, this did not re-invigorate the T cell response and instead, it converted chronic LCMV-Arm infection into a lethal disease characterized by severe lung inflammation with an infiltration of neutrophils and T cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells, but not neutrophils, rescued mice from lethal disease, demonstrating that IFNAR1 is required to prevent T cell exhaustion and virus persistence in LCMV-Arm infection, and in the absence of IFNAR1, PD-L1 is required for survival. This reveals an important interplay between IFNAR1 and PD-L1 with implications for therapeutics targeting these pathways.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Immunology and Microbiology
Tamm-Horsfall protein augments neutrophil NETosis during urinary tract infection
Preprint on BioRxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology on 5 February 2024 by Mercado-Evans, V., Chew, C., et al.
PubMed
ABSTRACT Urinary neutrophils are a hallmark of urinary tract infection (UTI), yet the mechanisms governing their activation, function, and efficacy in controlling infection remain incompletely understood. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), the most abundant protein in urine, uses terminal sialic acids to bind an inhibitory receptor and dampen neutrophil inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that neutrophil modulation is an integral part of THP-mediated host protection. In a UTI model, THP-deficient mice showed elevated urinary tract bacterial burdens, increased neutrophil recruitment, and more severe tissue histopathological changes compared to WT mice. Furthermore, THP-deficient mice displayed impaired urinary NETosis during UTI. To investigate the impact of THP on NETosis, we coupled in vitro fluorescence-based NET assays, proteomic analyses, and standard and imaging flow cytometry with peripheral human neutrophils. We found that THP increases proteins involved in respiratory chain, neutrophil granules, and chromatin remodeling pathways, enhances NETosis in an ROS-dependent manner, and drives NET-associated morphologic features including nuclear decondensation. These effects were observed only in the presence of a NETosis stimulus and could not be solely replicated with equivalent levels of sialic acid alone. We conclude that THP is a critical regulator of NETosis in the urinary tract, playing a key role in host defense against UTI.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Immunology and Microbiology
Gestational diabetes augments group B Streptococcus infection by disrupting maternal immunity and the vaginal microbiota.
In Nature Communications on 3 February 2024 by Mercado-Evans, V., Mejia, M. E., et al.
PubMed
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pervasive perinatal pathogen, yet factors driving GBS dissemination in utero are poorly defined. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a complication marked by dysregulated immunity and maternal microbial dysbiosis, increases risk for GBS perinatal disease. Using a murine GDM model of GBS colonization and perinatal transmission, we find that GDM mice display greater GBS in utero dissemination and subsequently worse neonatal outcomes. Dual-RNA sequencing reveals differential GBS adaptation to the GDM reproductive tract, including a putative glycosyltransferase (yfhO), and altered host responses. GDM immune disruptions include reduced uterine natural killer cell activation, impaired recruitment to placentae, and altered maternofetal cytokines. Lastly, we observe distinct vaginal microbial taxa associated with GDM status and GBS invasive disease status. Here, we show a model of GBS dissemination in GDM hostsĀ that recapitulates several clinical aspects and identifies multiple host and bacterial drivers of GBS perinatal disease. Ā© 2024. The Author(s).
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Neutrophil-dependent hepatic platelet accumulation and liver injury revealed by acetaminophen dose-response studies.
In Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis on 1 January 2024 by Schulte, A., Groeneveld, D. J., et al.
PubMed
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF). Neutrophil activation has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with ALF and is proposed to amplify coagulation in this context. However, the precise role of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury is not known. We used a dual antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion strategy to determine the role of neutrophils in mice challenged with different doses of APAP (300 or 600 mg/kg) that produce hepatotoxicity and ALF-like pathology. Flow cytometry confirmed depletion of neutrophils in whole blood prior to APAP challenge. Mice given isotype control and challenged with 300 mg/kg APAP developed marked hepatocellular necrosis and showed an increase in biomarkers of coagulation cascade activation. Neutrophil depletion (anti-Ly6G) did not affect either liver injury or coagulation activation in mice challenged with 300 mg/kg APAP. Mice given isotype control and challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP developed hepatic necrosis alongside marked hemorrhage and congestion indicative of vascular injury. Interestingly, hepatic neutrophil and platelet accumulation were increased in mice given 600 mg/kg APAP compared with those given the lower APAP dose. Neutrophil depletion significantly reduced the severity of liver necrosis in mice challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP, without significantly impacting biomarkers of coagulation activity. Notably, neutrophil depletion significantly reduced hepatic platelet accumulation in mice challenged with 600 mg/kg APAP. The results indicate a role of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury that is dependent on the APAP dose and suggest involvement of neutrophil-platelet interactions in promoting hepatic injury in experimental APAP-induced ALF. Ā© 2024 The Author(s).
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Biochemistry and Molecular biology,
- Cell Biology,
- Immunology and Microbiology
Reprogramming Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism Mitigates Tissue Damage for Streptococcus pyogenes Necrotizing Skin Infection
Preprint on Research Square on 23 December 2023 by Caparon, M., Xu, W., et al.
PubMed
Disease Tolerance (DT) is a host response to infection that limits collateral damage to host tissues while having a neutral effect on pathogen fitness. Previously, we found that the pathogenic lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes manipulates DT using its aerobic mixed-acid fermentation (ARMAF) pathway via the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to alter expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. However, the microbe-derived molecules that mediate communication with the hostās DT pathways remain elusive. Here, we show that ARMAF inhibits accumulation of IL-10-producing inflammatory cells including neutrophils and macrophages, leading to delayed bacterial clearance and wound healing. Expression of IL-10 is inhibited through streptococcal production of the short chain fermentation end-products acetate and formate, via manipulation of host acetyl-CoA metabolism, altering non-histone regulatory lysine acetylation. A bacterial-specific PDH inhibitor reduced tissue damage during murine infection, suggesting that reprogramming carbon flow provides a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate tissue damage during infection.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Cardiovascular biology
NEUTROPHILS ARE INDISPENSABLE FOR ADVERSE CARDIAC REMODELING IN HEART FAILURE
Preprint on BioRxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology on 1 November 2023 by Antipenko, S., Mayfield, N., et al.
PubMed
ABSTRACT Persistent immune activation contributes significantly to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse remodeling in heart failure (HF). In contrast to their well-known essential role in acute myocardial infarction (MI) as first responders that clear dead cells and facilitate subsequent reparative macrophage polarization, the role of neutrophils in the pathobiology of chronic ischemic HF is poorly defined. To determine the importance of neutrophils in the progression of ischemic cardiomyopathy, we measured their production, levels, and activation in a mouse model chronic HF 8 weeks after permanent coronary artery ligation and large MI. In HF mice, neutrophils were expanded both locally in failing myocardium (more in the border zone) and systemically in the blood, spleen and bone marrow, together with increased BM granulopoiesis. There were heightened stimuli for neutrophil recruitment and trafficking in HF, with increased myocardial expression of the neutrophil chemoattract chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL5, and increased neutrophil chemotactic factors in the circulation. HF neutrophil NETotic activity was increased in vitro with coordinate increases in circulating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in vivo. Neutrophil depletion with either antibody-based or genetic approaches abrogated the progression of LV remodeling and fibrosis at both intermediate and late stages of HF. Moreover, analogous to murine HF, the plasma milieu in human acute decompensated HF strongly promoted neutrophil trafficking. Collectively, these results support a key tissue-injurious role for neutrophils and their associated cytotoxic products in ischemic cardiomyopathy and suggest that neutrophils are potential targets for therapeutic immunomodulation in this disease.
Candida-induced granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are protective against polymicrobial sepsis.
In mBio on 31 October 2023 by Esher, S. K., Harriett, A. J., et al.
PubMed
Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections are serious clinical infections that can lead to life-threatening sepsis, which is difficult to treat in part due to the complex and dynamic inflammatory responses involved. Our prior studies demonstrated that immunization with low-virulence Candida species can provide strong protection against lethal polymicrobial sepsis challenge in mice. This long-lived protection was found to be mediated by trained Gr-1+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes with features resembling myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Here we definitively characterize these cells as MDSCs and demonstrate that their mechanism of protection involves the abrogation of lethal inflammation, in part through the action of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10. These studies highlight the role of MDSCs and IL-10 in controlling acute lethal inflammation and give support for the utility of trained tolerogenic immune responses in the clinical treatment of sepsis.
- Immunology and Microbiology
Early Depletion of Neutrophils Reduces Retinal Inflammation and Neovascularization in Mice with Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.
In International Journal of Molecular Sciences on 27 October 2023 by Deliyanti, D., Suphapimol, V., et al.
PubMed
Retinal inflammation is a central feature of ocular neovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, but the contribution of neutrophils to this process is not fully understood. We studied oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) which develops in two phases, featuring hyperoxia-induced retinal vaso-obliteration in phase I, followed by retinal neovascularization in phase II. As neutrophils are acute responders to tissue damage, we evaluated whether neutrophil depletion with an anti-Ly6G mAb administered in phase I OIR influenced retinal inflammation and vascular injury. Neutrophils were measured in blood and spleen via flow cytometry, and myeloperoxidase, an indicator of neutrophil activity, was evaluated in the retina using Western blotting. Retinal vasculopathy was assessed by quantitating vaso-obliteration, neovascularization, vascular leakage, and VEGF levels. The inflammatory factors, TNF, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were measured in retina. In the OIR controls, neutrophils were increased in the blood and spleen in phase I but not phase II OIR. In OIR, the anti-Ly6G mAb reduced neutrophils in the blood and spleen, and myeloperoxidase, inflammation, and vasculopathy in the retina. Our findings revealed that the early rise in neutrophils in OIR primes the retina for an inflammatory and angiogenic response that promotes severe damage to the retinal vasculature.
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Intravital microscopy of satellite cell dynamics and their interaction with myeloid cells during skeletal muscle regeneration.
In Science Advances on 20 October 2023 by He, Y., Heng, Y., et al.
PubMed
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires the highly coordinated cooperation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) with other cellular components. Upon injury, myeloid cells populate the wound site, concomitant with MuSC activation. However, detailed analysis of MuSC-myeloid cell interaction is hindered by the lack of suitable live animal imaging technology. Here, we developed a dual-laser multimodal nonlinear optical microscope platform to study the dynamics of MuSCs and their interaction with nonmyogenic cells during muscle regeneration. Using three-dimensional time-lapse imaging on live reporter mice and taking advantages of the autofluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we studied the spatiotemporal interaction between nonmyogenic cells and muscle stem/progenitor cells during MuSC activation and proliferation. We discovered that their cell-cell contact was transient in nature. Moreover, MuSCs could activate with notably reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, and their proliferation, although dependent on macrophages, did not require constant contact with them. These findings provide a fresh perspective on myeloid cells' role during muscle regeneration.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Neuroscience
VEGF-A in serum protects against memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by blocking neutrophil infiltration.
In Molecular Psychiatry on 1 October 2023 by Qi, F., Zuo, Z., et al.
PubMed
Activation of innate immunity in the brain is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study investigated the regulation of innate immunity by wild-type serum injection in a transgenic AD mouse model. We found that treatment with wild-type mouse serum significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and microglial reactivity in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Mimicking this effect, neutrophil depletion via Ly6G neutralizing antibodies resulted in improvements in AD brain functions. Serum proteomic analysis identified vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) as factors enriched in serum samples, which are crucial for neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, and cell chemotaxis. Exogenous VEGF-A reversed amyloid Ī² (AĪ²)-induced decreases in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and increases in CXCL1 in vitro and blocked neutrophil infiltration into the AD brain. Endothelial Cdk5 overexpression conferred an inhibitory effect on CXCL1 and neutrophil infiltration, thereby restoring memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings uncover a previously unknown link between blood-derived VEGF signaling and neutrophil infiltration and support targeting endothelial Cdk5 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD. Ā© 2023. The Author(s).
- IHC,
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Cancer Research
Driver gene combinations dictate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma disease continuum progression.
In Nature Communications on 25 August 2023 by Bailey, P., Ridgway, R. A., et al.
PubMed
The molecular basis of disease progression from UV-induced precancerous actinic keratosis (AK) to malignant invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and potentially lethal metastatic disease remains unclear. DNA sequencing studies have revealed a massive mutational burden but have yet to illuminate mechanisms of disease progression. Here we perform RNAseq transcriptomic profiling of 110 patient samples representing normal sun-exposed skin, AK, primary and metastatic cSCC and reveal a disease continuum from a differentiated to a progenitor-like state. This is accompanied by the orchestrated suppression of master regulators of epidermal differentiation, dynamic modulation of the epidermal differentiation complex, remodelling of the immune landscape and an increase in the preponderance of tumour specific keratinocytes. Comparative systems analysis of human cSCC coupled with the generation of genetically engineered murine models reveal that combinatorial sequential inactivation of the tumour suppressor genes Tgfbr2, Trp53, and Notch1 coupled with activation of Ras signalling progressively drives cSCC progression along a differentiated to progenitor axis. Taken together we provide a comprehensive map of the cSCC disease continuum and reveal potentially actionable events that promote and accompany disease progression. Ā© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.
- IHC,
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Crisaborole Inhibits Itch and Pain by Preventing Neutrophil Infiltration in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis.
In Acta Dermato-venereologica on 22 August 2023 by Pavlenko, D., Seven, Z. T., et al.
PubMed
Crisaborole, a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with increased pain. Using a mouse model, this study investigated whether crisaborole suppresses pain associated with atopic dermatitis and the potential mechanisms underlying it. The mouse model for atopic dermatitis was developed by repeatedly applying MC903. MC903-treated mice had increased spontaneous scratching (itch-related behaviour) and wiping behaviour (pain-related behaviour). Crisaborole was topically applied to the cheek skin of MC903-treated mice, and it reduced both itch- and pain-related behaviours in these mice. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that crisaborole reduced neutrophil infiltration and interaction of neutrophils with sensory neurones. Intradermal injection of S100A8/A9, proinflammatory neutrophil mediator, enhanced not only itch-related behaviours evoked by histamine or chloroquine, but also pain-related behaviours evoked by capsaicin. Calcium imaging of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurones revealed that pretreatment with S100A8/A9 significantly increased calcium responses to histamine and capsaicin, and the proportion of chloroquine-sensitive neurones. These findings suggest that the PDE4 inhibitor reduces itch and pain, in part by inhibiting infiltration of S100A8/A9-containing neutrophils in a mouse model of MC903-induced atopic dermatitis.
- Immunology and Microbiology,
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Neutrophils modulate natural killer-mediated osteoclastogenesis during Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans (JP2 clone) infection.
In IScience on 18 August 2023 by Halloun, B., Hashai, K., et al.
PubMed
The study investigates the interplay of neutrophils and natural-killer cells (NK) in mediating osseoresorption during infection of molar-incisor-pattern-periodontitis (MIPP). Human neutrophils from periodontally healthy and MIPP patients were inoculated with the periopathogen Aggregatibacter-actinomycetemcomitans (JP2) and their supernatants were exposed to NK to study their function and osteoclastogenesis promotion. A mouse MIPP model was used to compare disease progression following NK versus neutrophils depletion. The exposure of primary NK to supernatants of neutrophils inoculated with JP2 led to NK cell arrest and activation with enhanced osteoprotegerin expression. Incubation of monocytes with NK led to osteoclastogenesis, whereas NK that were pre-exposed to healthy neutrophil supernatant showed reduced osteoclastogenesis. In mice, NK depletion led to the similar bone phenotype as the neutrophil's depletion highlighting their role on osseoprotection. The present study portrays a key crosstalk between neutrophils and NK cells during JP2 infection as a central mechanism that regulates bone loss. Ā© 2023 The Authors.
- Immunology and Microbiology
CD39 inhibition and VISTA blockade may overcome radiotherapy resistance by targeting exhausted CD8+ TĀ cells and immunosuppressive myeloid cells.
In Cell Reports Medicine on 15 August 2023 by Zhang, Y., Hu, J., et al.
PubMed
Although radiotherapy (RT) has achieved great success in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), local relapses still occur and abscopal effects are rarely seen even when it is combined with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). Here, we characterize the dynamic changes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells after RT in a therapy-resistant murine tumor model using single-cell transcriptomes and TĀ cell receptor sequencing. AtĀ the early stage, the innate and adaptive immune systems are activated. At the late stage, however, the tumorĀ immune microenvironment (TIME) shifts into immunosuppressive properties. Our study reveals that inhibition of CD39 combined with RT preferentially decreases the percentage of exhausted CD8+ TĀ cells. Moreover, we find that the combination of V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) blockade and RT synergistically reduces immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Clinically, high VISTA expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Altogether, our data provide deep insight into acquired resistance to RT from an immune perspective and present rational combination strategies. Copyright Ā© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Immunology and Microbiology
An agonistic anti-signal regulatory protein Ī± antibody for chronic inflammatory diseases.
In Cell Reports Medicine on 15 August 2023 by Xie, M. M., Dai, B., et al.
PubMed
Signal regulatory protein (SIRPĪ±) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressed by myeloid cells to inhibit immune cell phagocytosis, migration, and activation. Despite the progress of SIRPĪ± and CD47 antagonist antibodies to promote anti-cancer immunity, it is not yet known whether SIRPĪ± receptor agonism could restrain excessive autoimmune tissue inflammation. Here, we report that neutrophil- and monocyte-associated genes including SIRPA are increased in inflamed tissue biopsies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, and elevated SIRPA is associated with treatment-refractory ulcerative colitis. We next identify an agonistic anti-SIRPĪ± antibody that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects in reducing neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and tissue infiltration. In preclinical models of arthritis and colitis, anti-SIRPĪ± agonistic antibody ameliorates autoimmune joint inflammation and inflammatory colitis by reducing neutrophils and monocytes in tissues. Our work provides a proof of concept for SIRPĪ± receptor agonism for suppressing excessive innate immune activation and chronic inflammatory disease treatment. Copyright Ā© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Genetics,
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Asbestos accelerates disease onset in a genetic model of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
In Frontiers in Toxicology on 13 July 2023 by Farahmand, P., GyurƔszovƔ, K., et al.
PubMed
Hypothesis: Asbestos-driven inflammation contributes to malignant pleural mesothelioma beyond the acquisition of rate-limiting mutations. Methods: Genetically modified conditional allelic mice that were previously shown to develop mesothelioma in the absence of exposure to asbestos were induced with lentiviral vector expressing Cre recombinase with and without intrapleural injection of amosite asbestos and monitored until symptoms required euthanasia. Resulting tumours were examined histologically and by immunohistochemistry for expression of lineage markers and immune cell infiltration. Results: Injection of asbestos dramatically accelerated disease onset and end-stage tumour burden. Tumours developed in the presence of asbestos showed increased macrophage infiltration. Pharmacological suppression of macrophages in mice with established tumours failed to extend survival or to enhance response to chemotherapy. Conclusion: Asbestos-driven inflammation contributes to the severity of mesothelioma beyond the acquisition of rate-limiting mutations, however, targeted suppression of macrophages in established epithelioid mesothelioma showed no therapeutic benefit. Copyright Ā© 2023 Farahmand, Gyuraszova, Rooney, Raffo-Iraolagoitia, Jayasekera, Hedley, Johnson, Chernova, Malviya, Hall, Monteverde, Blyth, Duffin, Carlin, Lewis, Le Quesne, MacFarlane and Murphy.
- Mus musculus (House mouse)
Autonomous IL-36R signaling in neutrophils activates potent antitumor effector functions.
In The Journal of Clinical Investigation on 15 June 2023 by Roy, S., Fitzgerald, K., et al.
PubMed
While the rapid advancement of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer treatment, only a small fraction of patients derive clinical benefit. Eradication of large, established tumors appears to depend on engaging and activating both innate and adaptive immune system components to mount a rigorous and comprehensive immune response. Identifying such agents is a high unmet medical need, because they are sparse in the therapeutic landscape of cancer treatment. Here, we report that IL-36 cytokine can engage both innate and adaptive immunity to remodel an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and mediate potent antitumor immune responses via signaling in host hematopoietic cells. Mechanistically, IL-36 signaling modulates neutrophils in a cell-intrinsic manner to greatly enhance not only their ability to directly kill tumor cells but also promote T and NK cell responses. Thus, while poor prognostic outcomes are typically associated with neutrophil enrichment in the TME, our results highlight the pleiotropic effects of IL-36 and its therapeutic potential to modify tumor-infiltrating neutrophils into potent effector cells and engage both the innate and adaptive immune system to achieve durable antitumor responses in solid tumors.
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Cancer Research,
- Immunology and Microbiology
CD4+ T cell-induced inflammatory cell death controls immune-evasive tumours.
In Nature on 1 June 2023 by Kruse, B., Buzzai, A. C., et al.
PubMed
Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T cells to directly recognize and kill tumour cells1-3. These strategies are limited by the emergence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient tumour cells and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment4-6. The ability of CD4+ effector cells to contribute to antitumour immunity independently of CD8+ T cells is increasingly recognized, but strategies to unleash their full potential remain to be identified7-10. Here, we describe a mechanism whereby a small number of CD4+ T cells is sufficient to eradicate MHC-deficient tumours that escape direct CD8+ T cell targeting. The CD4+ effector T cells preferentially cluster at tumour invasive margins where they interact with MHC-II+CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. We show that T helper type 1 cell-directed CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulation reprogramme the tumour-associated myeloid cell network towards interferon-activated antigen-presenting and iNOS-expressing tumouricidal effector phenotypes. Together, CD4+ T cells and tumouricidal myeloid cells orchestrate the induction of remote inflammatory cell death that indirectly eradicates interferon-unresponsive and MHC-deficient tumours. These results warrant the clinical exploitation of this ability of CD4+ T cells and innate immune stimulators in a strategy to complement the direct cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cellsĀ and natural killer cells and advance cancer immunotherapies. Ā© 2023. The Author(s).
- Mus musculus (House mouse),
- Cancer Research,
- Immunology and Microbiology
Robust IL-2-dependent antitumor immunotherapy requires targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.
In Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer on 1 June 2023 by LaPorte, K. M., Hernandez, R., et al.
PubMed
Development of interleukin (IL)-2-dependent antitumor responses focus on targeting the intermediate affinity IL-2R to stimulate memory-phenotypic CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells while minimizing regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. However, this approach may not effectively engage tumor-specific T effector cells. Since tumor-antigen specific T cells upregulate the high-affinity IL-2R, we tested an IL-2 biologic, mouse IL-2/CD25, with selectivity toward the high-affinity IL-2R to support antitumor responses to tumors that vary in their immunogenicity. Mice were first implanted with either CT26, MC38, B16.F10, or 4T1 and after a tumor mass developed, they were treated with high-dose (HD) mouse (m)IL-2/CD25 alone or in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. Tumor growth was monitored and in parallel the immune signature in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was determined by a combination of multiparameter flow cytometry, functional assays, and enumeration of tumor-reactive T cells. We show that HD mIL-2/CD25, which preferentially stimulates the high-affinity IL-2R, but not IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes with preferential activity toward the intermediate-affinity IL-2R, supports vigorous antitumor responses to immunogenic tumors as a monotherapy that were enhanced when combined with anti-PD-1. Treatment of CT26-bearing mice with HD mIL-2/CD25 led to a high CD8+:Treg ratio in the TME, increased frequency and function of tumor-specific CD8+ T effector cells with a less exhausted phenotype, and antitumor memory responses. Targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific T cells with HD mIL-2/CD25 alone or with PD-1 blockade supports antitumor responses, where the resulting memory response may afford long-term protection against tumor re-emergence. Ā© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
